A mother carrying a baby in her womb alters its genes, even when the egg comes from another woman. This means her child will be born with traits similar to hers, according to a study by the Valencia Infertility Institute Foundation (IVI).
How does the maternal uterus influence the genes of a donated embryo?
The uterus is much more than a container: during gestation there is constant dialogue between embryo and endometrium. Endometrial fluid exosomes release maternal RNA that reaches the embryonic nucleus and regulates gene expression, adjusting physical and health traits. Studies such as “The Marvelous Science of Egg Donation: Beyond Genes” explain this in detail.
For nine months, the embryo receives blood, nutrients, and oxygen through the umbilical cord. These biochemical signals vary according to the gestational carrier’s genetics, habits, and lifestyle, reinforcing that egg donation is only the starting point. It is the uterus that shapes and “signs” the DNA that will guide the baby’s development.
What epigenetic changes can gestation cause in egg donation?
During gestation, epigenetic interaction can influence:
- Eye color and shape
- Hair texture and tone
- Facial expressions, such as the smile
- Predisposition to certain metabolic or autoimmune diseases
These modifications do not replace the donated genetics but regulate the activation or silencing of specific genes. To learn more, see “The Revolutionary World of Fertility and Egg Donation”.
How does genetic exchange occur between embryo and endometrium?
Exosomes, 50–150 nm vesicles, transport maternal RNA to the blastocyst’s cytoplasm and adjust gene transcription. The result is a unique epigenetic profile that combines the donor’s inheritance and the carrier’s influence.
Why is egg donation a great opportunity?
The egg donation experience lets you carry and give birth to a child with a unique maternal genetic imprint. Avoid self-medication and always consult a Assisted Reproduction specialist before starting any fertility treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions about egg donation and uterine genetics
1. Does the gestational mother contribute DNA if the eggs are from another person?
Yes. Although the main genetic load comes from the donor, during gestation the uterus releases exosomes with RNA that modulate the embryo’s gene expression, influencing physical traits and future health.
2. What risks or benefits does this genetic interaction have?
Benefits include better embryo adaptation to the uterine environment and higher implantation rates. As for risks, long-term impact is still under study: so far there is no evidence of adverse effects, but specialized prenatal follow-up is recommended.
3. Can it influence the baby’s temperament?
Personality arises from genetics and environment. Egg donation and uterine influence affect physical traits and biochemical predispositions, but parenting style and the postnatal environment are key to the child’s character.
4. How to choose the best clinic for egg donation?
Choose centers with international accreditations, multidisciplinary teams, and evidence-based protocols. Review their success rates, lab technology, and psychological support offered before and after birth.
Sources
- Vilella F. et al. (2015). Hsa-miR-30d, secreted by the human endometrium, is taken up by the pre-implantation embryo and might modify its transcriptome. Development, 142(18), 3210–3221.
- MedlinePlus. (2023). Assisted Reproductive Technology. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Gardiner K. et al. (2020). Epigenetic modifications during pregnancy: maternal-fetal interactions. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 138, 103-110.
- Mor & Cardenas. (2018). The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 79(3), e12847.
We are with you on this journey. If you have questions or are considering egg donation, consult an Assisted Reproduction specialist for the best guidance and support.