Every April 25 we celebrate DNA Day, a date that recognizes one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century: the double helix structure of DNA. Since Watson and Crick described it in 1953, DNA has changed our view of life, inheritance, diseases and, above all, reproductive and genetic medicine.
In this article we explore why DNA is fundamental, how it has driven medical treatments—especially in fertility and assisted reproduction—and why it will continue to be the cornerstone of future medicine. To get a closer look at the day-to-day life of a geneticist, visit Today Is a Geneticist’s Day.
What is dna and why do we celebrate it?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that stores the genetic information of all living beings. It resides in the nucleus of every cell and passes hereditary traits from generation to generation. Celebrating April 25 marks the 1953 Nature publication that revealed the double helix and paved the way for genetic engineering, molecular diagnostics, gene therapy and personalized medicine.
How does the double helix function as the language of life?
The double helix consists of two twisted strands with four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). A pairs with T and C with G, forming a unique code in each person (except identical twins). That code dictates how cells function, reproduce and survive.
How has dna transformed modern medicine?
Understanding DNA enabled the development of genetic tests for:
- Paternity and kinship testing
- Diagnosis of rare genetic disorders
- Compatibility studies for organ donation
- Detection of hereditary risks for breast cancer, colon cancer or cardiovascular diseases
- Personalized treatments based on genetic profile
These advances have revolutionized diagnosis and therapy across all specialties.
What role does dna play in fertility and assisted reproduction?
Genetic testing is key in fertility clinics, as it increases the chances of a healthy pregnancy. The main procedures include:
Genetic Preimplantation Testing in IVF
PGT-A and PGT-M: During in vitro fertilization, embryos are analyzed with PGT-A (aneuploidy detection) and PGT-M (monogenic disorders such as cystic fibrosis or muscular dystrophy). This way we select the healthiest embryos and avoid hereditary conditions.
Genetic Compatibility Testing for Couples
Compatibility test: Detects recessive mutations that could combine and affect the baby. It’s essential in egg or sperm donation and guides decision-making.
Genetic fertility assessment: Identifies genes that influence spermatogenesis or ovarian function, explaining hidden causes of infertility.
Can DNA solve unexplained fertility problems?
Yes. A comprehensive genetic analysis clarifies:
- Recurrent miscarriages due to chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo.
- Low sperm count caused by microdeletions on the Y chromosome.
- Prevention of hereditary diseases through IVF with PGT-M.
What does the future hold for DNA in reproduction?
Genomic sequencing paves the way for AI-driven genetic analyses, gene therapies for infertility mutations, ultra-precise genomic profiling and ethical gene editing. At Ingenes we have our own laboratory and experts in genetics, embryology, reproductive medicine and counseling. Discover our vision at Celebrating Hope and Science.
Frequently Asked Questions about DNA and Reproductive Genetics
How Does DNA Day Drive Advances in Assisted Reproduction?
This day reminds us of the power of genetics to improve embryo selection, reduce pregnancy losses and prevent hereditary diseases. Every year, we celebrate how DNA knowledge optimizes outcomes and hope.
Avoid self-medication and, before any genetic test, consult an assisted reproduction specialist.
What Safety Measures Are in Place for Genetic Testing in IVF?
PGT-A and PGT-M follow strict controls: sterile sample handling, validated protocols on calibrated equipment and ethical committees ensuring reliability and safety.
Specialists interpret results alongside embryo morphology to maximize success rates and minimize risks. Always consult an expert before any procedure.
Can Genetics Predict All Fertility Problems?
Genetic tests detect many hereditary causes—chromosomal abnormalities and specific mutations—but don’t explain factors like age, hormonal imbalances or uterine anatomy.
That’s why combining genetic analysis with hormonal studies and imaging is key. Your specialist will recommend the appropriate protocol.
How to Prepare Emotionally and Medically for Genetic Testing?
Emotionally, counseling helps you cope with results, discuss ethical concerns and set realistic expectations. Medically, blood tests (hormones in mIU/mL), imaging studies and lifestyle adjustments are required.
All decisions are made together with your partner and medical team. Empathetic communication and psychological support make the difference.
Sources Consulted
- National Library of Medicine. (2023). DNA Structure. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/dna
- International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis. (2022). Guidelines for PGT-A & PGT-M. doi.org/10.1002/pd.6123
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2021). Genetic Causes of Male Infertility. doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.01.012
- Nature Editorial. (1953). Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids. Nature, 171(4356), 737–738. doi.org/10.1038/171737a0
We accompany you on this journey: each step brings you closer to your dream of becoming a mother or father. If you have any questions, always consult a fertilization specialist.