Endometriosis is a condition that affects approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age, although these numbers may vary due to undiagnosed cases. Characterized by the growth of endometrium-like tissue (the inner layer of the uterus) outside the uterus, endometriosis is a chronic disease that can cause severe pelvic pain, irregular menstruations, and, in some cases, infertility. During Endometriosis Month in March, it is essential to shine a light on this condition to improve early detection, treatment, and support for affected women.
Endometriosis occurs when the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of it. Although this tissue is located outside the uterus, it responds to menstrual hormones in the same way as normal endometrium: it thickens, breaks down, and bleeds with each menstrual cycle. However, with no way to exit the body, trapped endometrial tissue can cause irritation, scarring, and eventually the formation of fibrous tissue and cysts.
The exact cause of endometriosis is still unknown. However, there are several theories, including retrograde menstruation, peritoneal cell transformation, surgical implantation, and genetic and environmental factors. Retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity rather than out of the body, is one of the most accepted explanations.
Endometriosis can affect any woman of reproductive age, from her first menstruation to menopause, although it is most common among women in their 30s and 40s. Risk factors include having a short menstrual cycle, long menstrual periods, a family history of endometriosis, immune system disorders, and any condition that prevents the normal passage of menstrual flow.
Symptoms vary and do not always correlate with the severity of the disease. Some women experience severe pain, while others may have no symptoms. The most common include:
Beyond pain and discomfort, endometriosis can have serious consequences on quality of life, relationships, and mental health. Difficulty conceiving is a significant concern for many women with endometriosis. Additionally, the disease is associated with other health problems, such as ovarian cysts, chronic fatigue, and autoimmune diseases.
Treatment of endometriosis depends on the severity of the symptoms and whether the woman wants to have children. Options include pain medications, hormone therapy to reduce or eliminate menstrual periods, and surgery to remove endometrial tissue. Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive operation, is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment.
It is crucial to educate women about the symptoms of endometriosis and encourage them to seek medical help if they suspect they may be affected. Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. This awareness month is an opportunity to expand knowledge about endometriosis and foster an open dialogue and supportive environment for women around the world.
This Endometriosis Month, we urge communities, healthcare professionals, and organizations to join together in a concerted effort to raise awareness of this condition. Through education, support, and research, we can significantly improve the lives of affected women. We encourage all women to pay attention to their reproductive health and seek guidance if they experience symptoms that affect their well-being. At Ingenes, we are committed to providing support, guidance, and advanced treatments to help our patients navigate their path to health and motherhood, regardless of the challenges they face. This month, and always, your health is our priority, and we are here to support you every step of the way to a healthier, happier life.
